A tool that identifies when a user logs in and out, what actions he or she takes, and more is called a(n):

An audit trail is a systematic process that records and tracks user activities within a system. It captures data such as login and logout times, the actions taken by users during their sessions, and modifications made within the system. This information is crucial for monitoring access to sensitive data, maintaining system integrity, and ensuring compliance with regulations. By providing a clear record of user interactions, an audit trail helps organizations identify potential security breaches or unauthorized access, making it an essential tool for maintaining data security and accountability.

In contrast, facility access control refers to the physical measures in place to restrict access to certain areas, while a forensic scan is more focused on investigating specific incidents of security breaches. A security management plan outlines the overall strategy for protecting an organization's assets and data but does not specifically track individual user actions.